Omega Fatty Acids Lower Levels of Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially those of the omega-3 series (EPA and DHA from fish), are known for their anti-inflammatory activity. This effect is important for the prevention/treatment of various chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease or rheumatoid arthritis. The latest paper by the group of Francesco Visioli (Universite “Pierre et Marie Curie”, Paris) now adds a new piece to the puzzle of how PUFA exert their beneficial activity in the cardiovascular system: by lowering the load of potentially deleterious oxidative and nitrosative stress.

“In conclusion, based on in vivo data showing reduced excretion of lipid peroxidation products, namely isoprostanes, after polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and our data on ROS (reactive oxygen species) production and direct superoxide scavenging by (long chain) PUFAs, notably those of the omega-3 series, we propose that this series of fatty acids might indirectly act as anti- rather than pro-oxidant in vascular endothelial cells, hence diminishing inflammation and, in turn, the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.”

As mentioned above, it is important to note that the antioxidant effect was not associated with a direct oxidation of the omega fatty acids, indicating that alterations in cellular signaling (and thus indirect antioxidant mechanisms) might be responsible for the observed antioxidant activity in vitro.

As the situation usually is more complex in vivo, the authors point out that additional research is required to determine whether the same effect(s) occur in animals and/or humans, too.

The manuscript has been published online in Pharmacological Research on March 18.